What is the primary cause of instrumentation error?

The primary cause of instrumentation error is poor tool function. This encompasses the reliability and validity of the instruments used in data collection. When tools fail to function correctly—whether due to design flaws, calibration issues, or deterioration over time—the data captured may not accurately reflect the true measurements or outcomes being studied.

For instance, if a scale used for measuring weight is improperly calibrated, it could consistently yield inaccurate readings. This would not only misrepresent individual participant data but could also distort overall study findings and conclusions.

While fluctuations in participant responses, observer misinterpretation, and inconsistent data collection procedures can also introduce various types of errors, these are more related to human factors or procedural adherence rather than the intrinsic functionality of the measurement tool itself. Therefore, addressing instrumentation error primarily involves ensuring that tools are of high quality, well-maintained, and properly used throughout the research or evaluation process.